Introduction to Build Configuration Files

linglong.yaml is the description file for a linyaps project, recording relevant information required for building, such as the name, version, source address, and build dependencies of the build artifact.

Project Directory Structure

bash

{project-root}
├── linglong.yaml
└── linglong

{user-home}
└── .cache
    └── linglong-builder
        ├── repo
        └── layers

Field Definitions

The linglong.yaml file structure follows specific specifications. First, you need to declare the configuration file version at the top level:

yaml

version: '1'

Name	Description	Required
version	The version of the build configuration file, currently '1'	Yes

Next are the main configuration blocks. Among them, package, base, and build must be defined.

Package Metadata Configuration (`package`)

Defines the basic information of the build artifact. This package configuration block is required.

yaml

package:
  id: org.deepin.calculator
  name: deepin-calculator
  version: 5.7.21.0 # Four-digit version number recommended
  kind: app # or runtime
  description: |
    calculator for deepin os.
  architecture: amd64 # Optional
  channel: stable    # Optional

Name	Description	Required
id	Unique name of the build artifact (e.g., `org.deepin.calculator`)	Yes
name	Name of the build artifact (e.g., `deepin-calculator`)	Yes
version	Version of the build artifact, four digits recommended (e.g., `5.7.21.0`)	Yes
kind	Type of the build artifact: `app` (Application), `runtime` (Runtime)	Yes
description	Detailed description of the build artifact	Yes
architecture	Target architecture of the build artifact (e.g., `amd64`, `arm64`)	No
channel	Channel of the build artifact (e.g., `stable`, `beta`)	No

Command (`command`)

Defines how to start the application. This is a list of strings, where the first element is usually the absolute path to the executable (relative to the container's interior), and subsequent elements are arguments passed to the executable.

yaml

command:
  - /opt/apps/org.deepin.calculator/files/bin/deepin-calculator
  # - --some-argument # More arguments can be added

Name	Description	Required
command	Defines the executable path and its argument list for starting the application. Usually required for `kind: app`.	No

Base Environment (`base`)

Specifies the minimum root filesystem required for building and running. This field is required.

yaml

base: org.deepin.base/23.1.0

Name	Description	Required
base	Identifier for the base, format `id/version`. Version number supports three-digit fuzzy matching.	Yes

Runtime (`runtime`)

Application runtime dependencies, which are also build dependencies.

yaml

runtime: org.deepin.runtime.dtk/23.1.0

Name	Description
id	Unique name of the runtime
version	Runtime version, three digits can fuzzy match the fourth

Sources (`sources`)

Describes the source information required for the project. sources is a list and can contain multiple source items. Fetched sources are stored by default in the linglong/sources directory at the same level as linglong.yaml.

Git Type

yaml

sources:
  - kind: git
    url: https://github.com/linuxdeepin/deepin-calculator.git
    version: master # or tag
    commit: d7e207b4a71bbd97f7d818de5044228c1a6e2c92 # Optional, for specifying the exact commit
    name: deepin-calculator.git # Optional, specifies the directory name after download

Name	Description	Required (within a single source)
kind	`git`, indicates download using the git tool.	Yes
url	Source repository address	Yes
version	Branch or tag of the source repository	No (defaults to the main branch)
commit	Hash value of a specific commit, used for precise checkout	No
name	Optional, specifies the subdirectory name under `linglong/sources` after download.	No

File Type

yaml

sources:
  - kind: file
    url: https://example.com/some-file.dat
    digest: sha256:... # Recommended to provide sha256 hash
    name: my-data.dat # Optional, specifies the filename after download

Name	Description	Required (within a single source)
kind	`file`, indicates direct file download.	Yes
url	File download address	Yes
digest	Optional, sha256 hash of the file, used for verification.	No
name	Optional, specifies the filename under `linglong/sources` after download.	No

Archive Type

yaml

sources:
  - kind: archive
    url: https://github.com/linuxdeepin/deepin-calculator/archive/refs/tags/6.5.4.tar.gz
    digest: 9675e27395891da9d9ee0a6094841410e344027fd81265ab75f83704174bb3a8 # Recommended to provide sha256 hash
    name: deepin-calculator-6.5.4 # Optional, specifies the directory name after extraction

Name	Description	Required (within a single source)
kind	`archive`, downloads and automatically extracts the archive. Supports common compression formats.	Yes
url	Archive download address	Yes
digest	Optional, sha256 hash of the archive file, used for verification.	No
name	Optional, specifies the directory name under `linglong/sources` after extraction.	No

DSC Type

yaml

sources:
  - kind: dsc
    url: https://cdn-community-packages.deepin.com/deepin/beige/pool/main/d/deepin-calculator/deepin-calculator_6.0.1.dsc
    digest: ce47ed04a427a887a52e3cc098534bba53188ee0f38f59713f4f176374ea2141 # Recommended to provide sha256 hash
    name: deepin-calculator-dsc # Optional, specifies the directory name after download and extraction

Name	Description	Required (within a single source)
kind	`dsc`, handles Debian source package description files and associated files.	Yes
url	`.dsc` file download address	Yes
digest	Optional, sha256 hash of the `.dsc` file, used for verification.	No
name	Optional, specifies the directory name under `linglong/sources` after download and extraction.	No

Export Rules (`exclude`/`include`)

When exporting the built application to a UAB package, files to be trimmed are specified as shown in the example below:

yaml

exclude:
  - /usr/share/locale # Trim the entire folder
  - /usr/lib/libavfs.a # Trim a single file

include:
  - /usr/share/locale/zh_CN.UTF-8 # Used with exclude to export only specific files under a folder

Name	Description
exclude	Absolute path within the container, can be a file or folder, used for exclusion.
include	Absolute path within the container, files that must be included in the UAB package (even if the parent directory is excluded).

Build Rules (`build`)

Describes how to compile and install the project in the build environment. This field is required, and its content is a multi-line string treated as a shell script.

Describes the build rules.

yaml

build: |
  qmake -makefile PREFIX=${PREFIX} LIB_INSTALL_DIR=${PREFIX}/lib/${TRIPLET}
  make
  make install

Name	Description	Required
build	Shell script executed during the build phase. Runs inside the container build environment.	Yes

Build Extensions (`buildext`)

Optional field for defining extension behaviors for specific build stages. Currently mainly supports the apt extension for managing Debian package dependencies required for build and runtime.

yaml

buildext:
  apt:
    build_depends: # Build-time dependencies, installed only in the build environment
      - build-essential
      - cmake
      - qt6-base-dev
    depends: # Runtime dependencies, included in the final application or runtime
      - libqt6widgets6
      - libglib2.0-0

Name	Description	Required
buildext	Container block for build extension configurations.	No
apt	Extension configuration using the apt package manager.	No
build_depends	A list of strings listing packages needed at build time, not included in the final artifact.	No
depends	A list of strings listing packages needed at runtime, included in the final artifact.	No

Modules (`modules`)

Optional field for splitting files installed under the ${PREFIX} directory into different modules. Useful for on-demand downloads or providing optional features.

yaml

modules:
  - name: main # Main module name, usually same as or related to package.id
    files: # List of files or directories included in this module (relative to ${PREFIX})
      - bin/
      - share/applications/
      - share/icons/
      - lib/ # Includes all libraries
  - name: translations # Translation module
    files:
      - share/locale/
  - name: extra-data # Optional data module
    files:
      - share/my-app/optional-data/

Name	Description	Required
modules	List defining the rules for splitting the application into modules.	No
name	Name of the module. Each module requires a unique name.	Yes (within each module item)
files	A list of strings listing files or directories belonging to this module. Paths are relative to `${PREFIX}`.	Yes (within each module item)

Note: All files installed under ${PREFIX} will be assigned to a module. When modules is not defined, the build system automatically generates default binary and develop modules.

Variables

Describes variables that can be used during the build process.

Name	Description
PREFIX	Environment variable used under the `build` field; provides the installation path during build, e.g., /opt/apps/org.deepin.calculator
TRIPLET	Environment variable used under the `build` field; provides a triplet containing architecture information, e.g., x86_64-linux-gnu

Complete Example

Build Application

Calculator

yaml

version: '1'

package:
  id: org.deepin.calculator
  name: deepin-calculator
  version: 5.7.21.0
  kind: app
  description: |
    calculator for deepin os.

command:
  - /opt/apps/org.deepin.calculator/files/bin/deepin-calculator

base: org.deepin.base/23.1.0
runtime: org.deepin.runtime.dtk/23.1.0

sources:
  - kind: git
    url: https://github.com/linuxdeepin/deepin-calculator.git
    version: master
    commit: d7e207b4a71bbd97f7d818de5044228c1a6e2c92

  - kind: git
    url: https://github.com/linuxdeepin/dde-qt-dbus-factory.git
    version: master
    commit: d952e1913172c5507af080f644a654f9ba5fed95

build: |
  # build dde-qt-dbus-factory
  cd /project/linglong/sources/dde-qt-dbus-factory.git
  qmake -makefile \
        PREFIX=${PREFIX} \
        LIB_INSTALL_DIR=${PREFIX}/lib/${TRIPLET} \
        INSTALL_ROOT=${PREFIX}

  make
  make install

  # build calculator
  cd /project/linglong/sources/deepin-calculator.git
  cmake -Bbuild \
        -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=${PREFIX} \
        -DCMAKE_INSTALL_LIBDIR=${PREFIX}/lib/${TRIPLET} \
        -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release \
        -DCMAKE_SAFETYTEST_ARG="CMAKE_SAFETYTEST_ARG_OFF" \
        -DAPP_VERSION=5.7.21 \
        -DVERSION=5.7.21

  cmake --build build
  cmake --build build --target install

buildext:
  apt:
    # Extra packages depended on during build
    build_depends: []
    # Extra packages depended on during runtime
    depends: []

Build Root Filesystem

bash

git clone git@github.com:linglongdev/org.deepin.foundation.git
cd org.deepin.foundation
bash build_base.sh beige amd64

This project is used to build the root filesystem used by Linglong. beige refers to the distribution codename, and amd64 refers to the architecture.

Distribution Version	Architecture
eagle (UOS 20)	amd64, arm64, loongarch64
beige (deepin 23)	amd64, arm64

Build Runtime

bash

git clone git@github.com:linglongdev/org.deepin.Runtime.git -b v23
cd org.deepin.Runtime
./depend-deb-list.sh | ./tools/download_deb_depend.bash
ll-builder build --skip-fetch-source

Adds basic environments like Qt on top of the root filesystem.

Introduction to Build Configuration Files ​

Project Directory Structure ​

Field Definitions ​

Package Metadata Configuration (package) ​

Command (command) ​

Base Environment (base) ​

Runtime (runtime) ​

Sources (sources) ​

Git Type ​

File Type ​

Archive Type ​

DSC Type ​

Export Rules (exclude/include) ​

Build Rules (build) ​

Build Extensions (buildext) ​

Modules (modules) ​

Variables ​

Complete Example ​

Build Application ​

Calculator ​

Build Root Filesystem ​

Build Runtime ​

Introduction to Build Configuration Files

Project Directory Structure

Field Definitions

Package Metadata Configuration (`package`)

Command (`command`)

Base Environment (`base`)

Runtime (`runtime`)

Sources (`sources`)

Git Type

File Type

Archive Type

DSC Type

Export Rules (`exclude`/`include`)

Build Rules (`build`)

Build Extensions (`buildext`)

Modules (`modules`)

Variables

Complete Example

Build Application

Calculator

Build Root Filesystem

Build Runtime